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Did you know that the eyes themselves are not what actually allow you to see? They are simply a conveyance for messages sent to the brain, via the optic nerve.

Similarly, did you know that only one-sixth of your eye is even visible to the outside world? Or that your eyes are comprised of more than two million intricately connected working parts? And that’s just the beginning! Here are 15 fascinating facts about the eyes.

Source: Vision Magazine June 2020

Wiley X is an eyewear brand founded by a veteran. Sunglasses by the brand prioritize safety and style. Each design focuses on wearable comfort for active situations. Many of the brand’s glasses and goggles are prescription ready. Whether you want to customize sunglasses lenses or select your favorite shade of polarized or mirrored lenses, here are 5 reasons to sport Wiley X Sunglasses.

1. The Tactical Origins Of The Brand – This brand was founded in 1987 by Myles Freeman Sr., a veteran of the United States Army. Ballistic-rated spectacles and goggles by this brand are mainstays on the Authorized Protective Eyewear List maintained by Program Executive Officer Soldier for members of the U.S. Army. Among civilians and veterans, this brand remains a popular choice for sports such as cycling, fishing, hiking, hunting and shooting.
2. The Durability and Quality of Eyewear – To call the fans of this eyewear brand loyal is an understatement. From active-duty service members reserves, veterans and civilians who demand the best protective eyewear on the market, wearers tend to purchase similar safety glasses and sunglasses. Some long standing styles by this optical company have been sold for years or re-released in updated versions with improved features.
3. Many Prescription-Ready Sunglass Styles – Popular Wiley X sunglasses such as the Saint, Rebel, Romer3 and and Boss come ready for customization with corrective lenses. Check to see whether your favorite style can accommodate your prescription, as some frames cannot accommodate prescriptions that exceeds +/-3.00 or +/-4.00. Distortion may be an issue with high RX lenses in wraparound frames. Wearers of powerful prescriptions should pay attention to the base curve and lens compatibility of frames.
4. An Option for Interchangeable Lenses – Some styles of sunglasses are compatible with an interchangeable set of non-prescription Light Rust, Smoke Grey and Polarized Smoke Green lenses. It may be necessary to select a single lens tint for prescription eyewear or pair this eyewear with a prescription insert.
5. Safety Rated Sunglasses and Glasses – This brand makes safety glasses that meet ANSI Z87.1 basic or high-impact, military and federal workplace eye safety regulations. If you require ballistic or high-impact eyewear check to see whether your favorite frames have this rating and make sure that the lenses you order satisfy the same safety standard.

Source:

Safetygearpro.com

Healthy vision is important in ensuring quality of life. Two common threats to aging eyes are cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which can, however, be prevented to some extend by a good diet.

Some important nutrients are found in common foods, and including them in the daily diet will help to preserve good vision throughout life. Antioxidants protect tissues from the toxic effects of free radicals which lead to a breakdown of cell membranes and nucleic acids.

Free radicals are formed when tissue is exposed to ultraviolet radiation as from direct sunlight, in cigarette smoke, and other air pollutants. The retina is exposed to a lot of light and is therefore a prime spot for free radical damage. This makes it all the more important to provide antioxidants that reduce the high level of oxidative stress.

Specific Nutrients

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is found in fruits and vegetables, and may reduce the risk of cataracts. AMD may also be slowed if vitamin C and other nutritional factors are taken in combinations. Vitamin C is found in grapefruit, strawberries, Brussels sprouts, ripe papayas, oranges, and green peppers.

Vitamin E or alpha-tocopherol is another powerful antioxidant found in nuts, sweet potatoes, and fortified cereals. It is also found in sunflower seeds, wheat germ oil, and vegetable oils.

Essential fatty acids: These fats are not synthesized in the human body but are required for the proper health and functioning of the nervous system, for energy metabolism and immunity. Among these, omega-3 fatty acids like DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are vital for retinal function and for the development of vision, being concentrated on the outer parts of the photoreceptor cells. These are anti-inflammatory agents, which helps to prevent AMD. These fatty acids are found in salmon, herring and sardines, as well as tuna, halibut and flounder. Two servings or more a week are advised.

Zinc: This trace mineral is a cofactor in the transport of vitamin A from its storage site in the liver to the retina, where it is converted to melanin. This black pigment is essential in protecting retinal tissues against photodamage. High concentrations of zinc are present in the retina and the choroidal vascular tissue under the retina. Zinc is found in white meats from turkey, oysters, and crab meat, as well as eggs, peanuts, whole grains, and red meats.

Beta carotene which is found in all vegetables and fruits that are deep yellow or orange is part of the essential visual pigments, and its deficiency cases night blindness. Pumpkins, red peppers, carrots, sweet potatoes and winter squash are all prime sources.

Supplements – Do they play a role?

AMD may be prevented or slowed using supplements made to AREDS standards. AREDS stands for the pivotal Age-Related Eye Disease Studies which tested the formula of this mix of antioxidants clinically. The current AREDS 2 version contains more lutein and zeaxanthin than before, which covers any dietary deficiency. Unlike many other supplements, it doesn’t have beta-carotene and is therefore safe for smokers or those who have just quit. In this subgroup, this nutrient could cause a higher risk of lung cancer, though only at very high doses.

While no research suggests exactly how much of each of these nutrients is necessary to keep vision in good working order, the good old rule of five or more servings of colourful fruits and vegetable every day, with fish at least twice a week, seems to be most helpful in preventing eye problems with age.

By Dr. Liji Thomas, MD

How to practice good make-up hygiene

There are a number of simple but important steps that can help to prevent eye irritation and eye infections.

• Renew your make-up every three months to reduce the risk of developing infections. This is particularly true in the case of eye make-up like mascaras or eyeliners. In some rare cases, women who have developed an eye infection from cosmetics have been temporarily or permanently blinded, according to the FDA. Some of these infections may stem from the make-up wands or brushes themselves.
• Once a mascara wand or eyeliner brush comes into contact with the eyelashes, contamination of the applicator occurs as eyelashes naturally have bacteria on them. Over time, this contamination of both the brush and the container builds up and can lead to an increased risk of infection or allergic reactions.
• For this reason, sharing cosmetics is not advised at any time, as bacteria can harm another person even if the original user does not experience any reactions or infections themselves.
• Avoid applying make-up at the meeting of the eye and the eyelid to avoid blocking the important Meibomian oil glands, and causing dry eye.
• Fortunately most people won’t experience any problems using make-up for longer than three months. If irritation does occur after using make-up products, it is essential to stop using the product immediately. If the irritation persists, medical attention should be sought.
• Storing make-up products properly is also important. If cosmetics are stored in particularly hot conditions the preservatives in the products are at higher risk of deteriorating.

Risks associated with eye make-up

It is important to remove make-up before sleeping.

Ophthalmologist Dana Robaei published a case study in 2018 about a woman suffering from chronic foreign body sensation in both her eyes. The article detailed the harmful effects that can occur after leaving mascara on overnight.

After examining the eyes, Robaei found subconjunctival mascara deposition beneath both eyelids. This was due to over 25 years of heavy mascara use without taking care to remove it properly. Small pieces of mascara had built up inside the eyelid and formed into solid concretions that were scratching the cornea, resulting in irritation and discomfort.

The patient was left with permanent scarring on the cornea and on the eyelid after a surgical procedure to remove the built up concretions. Although Robaei clarifies it was a rare and extreme case, it nevertheless highlights the importance of removing eye make-up properly every night.

Other reports have been made about the risk of mascara-induced damage to the lacrimal drainage system, with one patient developing a dacryolith (a concretion usually comprising of lipids, epithelial cells and other debris) loaded with mascara.

Other reports in literature reviews on problems caused y mascara include eyelid dermatitis, infection keratitis, and mascaroma, among others.

Additionally, not all make-up applied to the eyes remains within the area of application. For instance, mascara can flake off and small particles travel in the eye, causing redness or irritation. In other cases, the eye can be scratched by make-up brushes or pencils that can then lead to serious eye infections.

Ensuring that any applicator used near the eyes is clean can help to reduce the risk of scratch-induced infections. However, the trauma caused by scratches may still trigger problems or reactions.

Summary

As most make-up and cosmetic products undergo rigorous testing before being sold, the daily use of make-up is thought to pose minimal initial risk.

It is when make-up is not removed properly, contaminated, or used when individual allergies are already apparent, that risks of infection, irritation and permanent damage to the application area increase.

A microbial study asked forty women to use one of two brands of non-waterproof mascara every day for three months. It was found that out of the 33 samples collected from the 40 women, microbial growth was present in over 36% of mascara containers.

As such, the need to practice good make-up hygiene is clear. Careful application of make-up around the eyes can reduce the risk of eye injury and subsequent irritation, infection, and loss of vision, in rare cases.

By Lois Zoppi, BA

Reviewed by Dr. Liji Thomas, MD

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